THE CONDITION
Collateral ligaments are minor ligaments in the knee that are arranged in different directions and layers. They mesh together to form into one single strong ligament. There is one on each side of the knee (inside – medial collateral ligament and outside – lateral collateral ligament). Injury to these ligaments can occur when the knee is strained from the inside but is more often caused by force from the outside – such as being tackled. As the knee is pressed together on the outside, and forced open on the inside, the ligaments on the inside of the knee suffer damage. The extent of the damage can vary from a small tear in one of the smaller ligaments to a total rupture of the collateral ligament. Athletes playing contact sports such as Rugby and Football are at a higher risk due to the potential of force to the outside of the knee.
THE DIAGNOSIS
THE SYMPTOMS
Most common symptoms reported are pain, swelling and tenderness along the ligament. Often symptoms are worse a couple of days after injury.
THE TREATMENT
Initial treatment involves analgesia, rest, ice and elevation. The knee may be put in a brace for up to 6 weeks to help the ligaments heal. Physiotherapy maximises the knee strength and stability and teaches you which positions and movements to avoid. Collateral ligament injuries rarely require surgery.
THE PROGNOSIS
Most people return to normal daily activities 6 weeks after collateral ligament injury but this does depend on the severity of the injury.
